This Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) exercise aims to help you to learn and practice OOP concepts. All questions are tested on Python 3.
Python Object-oriented programming (OOP) is based on the concept of “objects,” which can contain data and code: data in the form of instance variables (often known as attributes or properties), and code, in the form method. I.e., Using OOP, we encapsulate related properties and behaviors into individual objects.
What is included in this Python OOP exercise?
This OOP classes and objects exercise includes 8 different programs, questions, and challenges. All solutions are tested on Python 3.
This OOP exercise covers questions on the following topics:
- Class and Object creation
- Instance variables and Methods, and Class level attributes
- Model systems with class inheritance i.e., inherit From Other Classes
- Parent Classes and Child Classes
- Extend the functionality of Parent Classes using Child class
- Object checking
When you complete each question, you get more familiar with the Python OOP. Let us know if you have any alternative solutions. It will help other developers.
Use Online Code Editor to solve exercise questions.
Refer:
- Guide on Python OOP
- Inheritance in Python
Table of contents
- OOP Exercise 1: Create a Class with instance attributes
- OOP Exercise 2: Create a Vehicle class without any variables and methods
- OOP Exercise 3: Create a child class Bus that will inherit all of the variables and methods of the Vehicle class
- OOP Exercise 4: Class Inheritance
- OOP Exercise 5: Define a property that must have the same value for every class instance (object)
- OOP Exercise 6: Class Inheritance
- OOP Exercise 7: Check type of an object
- OOP Exercise 8: Determine if School_bus is also an instance of the Vehicle class
OOP Exercise 1: Create a Class with instance attributes
Write a Python program to create a Vehicle class with max_speed
and mileage
instance attributes.
Refer:
Show Solution
OOP Exercise 2: Create a Vehicle class without any variables and methods
Show Solution
OOP Exercise 3: Create a child class Bus that will inherit all of the variables and methods of the Vehicle class
Given:
Create a Bus object that will inherit all of the variables and methods of the parent Vehicle class and display it.
Expected Output:
Vehicle Name: School Volvo Speed: 180 Mileage: 12
Refer: Inheritance in Python
Show Solution
OOP Exercise 4: Class Inheritance
Given:
Create a Bus class that inherits from the Vehicle class. Give the capacity argument of Bus.seating_capacity()
a default value of 50.
Use the following code for your parent Vehicle class.
Expected Output:
The seating capacity of a bus is 50 passengers
Refer:
Show Hint
- First, use method overriding.
- Next, use default method argument in the
seating_capacity()
method definition of a bus class.
Show Solution
OOP Exercise 5: Define a property that must have the same value for every class instance (object)
Define a class attribute”color” with a default value white. I.e., Every Vehicle should be white.
Use the following code for this exercise.
Expected Output:
Color: White, Vehicle name: School Volvo, Speed: 180, Mileage: 12 Color: White, Vehicle name: Audi Q5, Speed: 240, Mileage: 18
Refer: Class Variable in Python
Show Hint
Define a color
as a class variable in a Vehicle class
Show Solution
Variables created in .__init__()
are called instance variables. An instance variable’s value is specific to a particular instance of the class. For example, in the solution, All Vehicle objects have a name and a max_speed, but the name and max_speed variables’ values will vary depending on the Vehicle instance.
On the other hand, the class variable is shared between all class instances. You can define a class attribute by assigning a value to a variable name outside of .__init__()
.
OOP Exercise 6: Class Inheritance
Given:
Create a Bus child class that inherits from the Vehicle class. The default fare charge of any vehicle is seating capacity * 100. If Vehicle is Bus instance, we need to add an extra 10% on full fare as a maintenance charge. So total fare for bus instance will become the final amount = total fare + 10% of the total fare.
Note: The bus seating capacity is 50. so the final fare amount should be 5500. You need to override the fare()
method of a Vehicle class in Bus class.
Use the following code for your parent Vehicle class. We need to access the parent class from inside a method of a child class.
Expected Output:
Total Bus fare is: 5500.0
Show Solution
OOP Exercise 7: Check type of an object
Write a program to determine which class a given Bus object belongs to.
Given:
Show Hint
Use Python’s built-in function type()
.
Show Solution
OOP Exercise 8: Determine if School_bus is also an instance of the Vehicle class
Given:
Kavindu says
class Vehicle:
def __init__(self, max_speed, mileage):
self.max_speed = max_speed
self.mileage = mileage
def seating_capacity(self, capacity):
return f”The seating capacity of a {self.name} is {capacity} passenger”
class Vehicle:
def __init__(self, name, max_speed, mileage):
self.name = name
self.max_speed = max_speed
self.mileage = mileage
def seating_capacity(self, capacity):
return f”The seating capacity of a {self.name} is {capacity} passengers”
class Bus(Vehicle):
# assign default value to capacity
def seating_capacity(self, capacity=50):
return super().seating_capacity(capacity=50)
class Vehicle:
# Class attribute
colour = “White”
def __init__(self, name, max_speed, mileage):
self.name = name
self.max_speed = max_speed
self.mileage = mileage
class Bus(Vehicle):
pass
class Car(Vehicle):
pass
School_bus = Bus(“School Volvo”, 180, 12)
print(School_bus.colour, School_bus.name, “Speed:”, School_bus.max_speed, “Mileage:”, School_bus.mileage)
car = Car(“Audi Q5”, 180, 18)
print(car.colour, car.name, “Speed:”, car.max_speed, “Mileage:”, car.mileage)
class Vehicle:
def __init__(self, name, mileage, capacity):
self.name = name
self.mileage = mileage
self.capacity = capacity
def fare(self):
return self.capacity * 100
class Bus(Vehicle):
def fare(self):
return 1.1*self.capacity*100
School_bus = Bus(“School Volvo”, 12, 50)
print(“Total Bus fare is:”, School_bus.fare())
Driss Fadal says
from pyexpat import model
color = “white”
capacity = 1
fare = capacity * 100
class Vehicle:
def __init__(self, name, max_speed, mileage, capacity):
self.max_speed = max_speed
self.mileage = mileage
self.name = name
self.capacity = capacity
def fare(self):
return self.capacity * 100
model1x = Vehicle(“Toyota”, 240, 23000, 5)
class Bus(Vehicle):
def __init__(self, name, max_speed, mileage, capacity):
super().__init__(name, max_speed, mileage, capacity)
def fare(self):
#return Vehicle.fare(self) * 10 / 100 + Vehicle.fare(self) or
amount = super().fare()
amount += amount * 10 / 100
return amount
bus1 = Bus(“daf”, 149, 33000, 50)
# bus_fare = bus1.fare()
# print(f”total bus fare is :${int(bus_fare*(10/100)+bus_fare)}”)
print(bus1.fare())
Mokhtar Mahmoudian says
#Exercise 3
class Vehicle:
def __init__(self ,Max_speed, Mileage):
self.Max_speed = Max_speed
self.Mileage = Mileage
Bus = Vehicle(180, 12)
print("vehicle name : school volvo","\n", "speed : ",
Bus.Max_speed,"\n", "Mileage :", Bus.Mileage)
Adrian says
About exercise 4:
in line
-> return super().seating_capacity(capacity=50)
I think it should be
-> return super().seating_capacity(capacity)
If we set 50 in a method call, then it will be impossible to set different parameters.
For example, if we call:
b = Bus('bus', 80, 1000)
print(b.seating_capacity(30)) -> output will be 50
Reef says
Yes indeed. It should be -> return super().seating_capacity(capacity)
which will allow for setting a value for capacity as in: -> b.seating_capacity(120)
Dealer says
Exercise 7, is this a good practice?
class Vehicle:
def __init__(self, name, mileage, capacity):
self.name = name
self.mileage = mileage
self.capacity = capacity
class Bus(Vehicle):
@staticmethod
def which_class():
return __class__.__name__
School_bus = Bus("School Volvo", 12, 50)
print(School_bus.which_class())
ayoub says
Write a function to calculate resistance and capacitance (i.e. the function takes current and voltage as data and returns resistance and capacitance)
Solve it
Utkarsh Dadaso Salunkhe says
class circuit:
def __init__(self,voltage,current):
self.voltage=voltage
self.current= current
def resistance(self):
return self.voltage/ self.current
def capacitance(self):
return self.voltage/(self.current * 2 * 3.14159265359 )
a= circuit(20,9)
r=a.resistance()
c= a.capacitance()
print(f”resistance is {r} ohms and capacitance is {c} f.”)
Dealer says
Exercise 5 without a class variable, only with instance variable:
class Vehicle:
def __init__(self, name, max_speed, mileage):
self.color = "White"
self.name = name
self.max_speed = max_speed
self.mileage = mileage
def __str__(self):
return f"Color: {self.color}, Vehicle name: {self.name}, Speed: {self.max_speed}, Mileage: {self.mileage}"
class Bus(Vehicle):
pass
class Car(Vehicle):
pass
bus = Bus("School Volvo", 180, 12)
car = Car("Audi Q5", 240, 18)
print(bus)
print(car)
LUQMAN HAQIM says
Kindly check and see if I would encounter any problems using this approach.
class vehicle:
color="white"
def __init__(self,name,max_speed,mileage,capacity):
self.name=name
self.max_speed=max_speed
self.milage=mileage
self.capacity=capacity
def fare(self):
fare= self.capacity*100
totalFare= fare + (10/100*fare)
return totalFare
def desc_vehicle(self):
print(f"Color:{self.color} Vehicle Name: {self.name} Speed:{self.max_speed} Mileage: {self.milage} ")
class bus(vehicle):
pass
class car(vehicle):
pass
Karan says
class vehicle:
color="white"
def __init__(self,name,max_speed,mileage,capacity):
self.name=name
self.max_speed=max_speed
self.milage=mileage
self.capacity=capacity
def fare(self):
fare= self.capacity*100
totalFare= fare + (10/100*fare)
return totalFare
def desc_vehicle(self):
print(self.capacity,"is capacity",self.name,"is name",self.max_speed,"speed",self.milage, "milage",self.capacity, "capacity")
class bus(vehicle):
pass
class car(vehicle):
pass
a=car(80,"ko",64,32)
a.desc_vehicle()
Ankit Shukla says
Ankit Shukla says
Sherrif says
This is good approach, clean code, good practice.
Sunny says
OUTPUT:
Fabrizio says
An alternative way of doing exercise 6:
Lawrence says
I have this example.6 I was wondering if it is correct too?
avi says
this solution is not good because :
in the question, we are asked to add 10% to the total fare which comes from the superclass Vehicle, so when you do
return 1.1*self.capacity*100
the total is not based on Vehicle and if I change 100 in Vehicle, it will not change in Bus
you need to use super() so that the Total is taken from Vehicle, and then you add the 10%
you can do something like
this will allways use the total from Vehicle and add 10% , so if we change the 100 in Vehicle, it will calculate the 10% based on the new total.
Hope that was clear, sorry if the exemples were not good
Hanna Damarjian says
Exercise 6 Alternative Code:
Cyrus says
Will I run into any problems if I just did this for Ex. 4?
Suraj says
Call the function as
print(bus.seating_capacity(50))
output:
The seating capacity of a bus is 50 passengers
NO problem!
Masha says
abc says
Thanks a ton for the well-curated structure.
Daniel says
For exercise 6 I don’t know if this is good code, code but it works well!!
Ganymehdi says
I had the same idea, but I think the key is that since bus fare depends on vehicle fare, if the formula for vehicle changes (while bus remains +10% of vehicle fare) and you need to update your code base, the change propagates without having to modify both classes
Cyrus says
Wouldn’t the code used in the solution also change if the Vehicle formula changes? In other words, doesn’t the code below also depend on the vehicle fare because it’s still inheriting the Vehicle’s “fare” instance
Nagimesi Khatwiibu Shuaibu says
very good codes
Raji says
Very useful. I started learning python. please let me know if you have more excercise like this. Thanks for your effort.
Suraj Thapa says
Thank you very much.
Jitendra chandra says
Thanks a lot Brother !
Lilit Grigoryan says
Thank’s a lot, I enjoyed the tasks.
Vishal says
You’re welcome, Lilit.
Saikiran Tangudu says
HI Vishal please post more questions on oops
knotJ says
Thanks. learnt lots
Jokunsoo says
found a cleaner method for exercise 7
Abhay Kumar Mishra says
Ans_3:
Mr. Lulz says
This was a fun exercise!
vish says
That was interesting overview.. I am searching more though for oop…
Thanks for support…
dhruv says
thank you vishal sir it’s very help me
Vishal says
I am glad it helped you, Dhruv.
Etra Arte says
Thank you very much Vishal, it’s a very instructive challenge
Vishal says
I am glad it helped you.
Emmanuel Bett says
thank you…Awesome learning experience
Lamhamdi says
Exercise Question 6: Class Inheritance
Paul says
In question 4, shouldn’t it be:
so that the capacity provided when, say,
School_bus.seating_capacity(60)
is called would get passed to thesuper().seating_capacity()
Mohit says
correct Paul ,
Ryan says
Exercise Question 6:
The help text states that outcome should be 5550.0 but the solution code and expected output are both 5500.0.
Vishal says
Hey Ryan, Thank you for noticing the typing mistake. Now, I have fixed the typing mistake.
DMS KARUNARATNE says
Exercise Question 8: Determine if Bus is also an instance of the Vehicle class
need correction: Determine if School_bus is also an instance of the Vehicle class?
Vishal says
Thank you for your correction.