{"id":7741,"date":"2021-02-06T21:12:25","date_gmt":"2021-02-06T15:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/?p=7741"},"modified":"2022-09-26T09:45:31","modified_gmt":"2022-09-26T04:15:31","slug":"python-data-types","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-data-types\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Data Types"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Data types specify the different sizes and values that can be stored in the <a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-variables\/\">variable<\/a>. For example, Python stores numbers, strings, and a list of values using different data types.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-str-data-type\" data-level=\"2\">Str data type<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-example\" data-level=\"3\">Example<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-int-data-type\" data-level=\"2\">Int data type<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-example-1\" data-level=\"3\">Example<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-example-2\" data-level=\"3\">Example<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-float-data-type\" data-level=\"2\">Float data type<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-example-3\" data-level=\"3\">Example<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-complex-data-type\" data-level=\"2\">Complex data type<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-example-4\" data-level=\"3\">Example<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-list-data-type\" data-level=\"2\">List data type<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-example-list-creation-and-manipulation\" data-level=\"3\">Example list creation and manipulation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-tuple-data-type\" data-level=\"2\">Tuple data type<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-example-tuple-creation-and-manipulation\" data-level=\"3\">Example Tuple creation and manipulation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-dict-data-type\" data-level=\"2\">Dict data type<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-example-dictionary-creation-and-manipulation\" data-level=\"3\">Example dictionary creation and manipulation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-set-data-type\" data-level=\"2\">Set data type<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-example-set-creation-and-manipulation\" data-level=\"3\">Example Set creation and manipulation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-frozenset\" data-level=\"3\">Frozenset<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-bool-data-type\" data-level=\"2\">Bool data type<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-bytes-data-type\" data-level=\"2\">Bytes data type<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-bytearray\" data-level=\"3\">bytearray<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-range-data-type\" data-level=\"2\">Range data type<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-memoryview\" data-level=\"2\">memoryview<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Python is a dynamically typed language; therefore, we do not need to specify the variable&#8217;s type while declaring it. Whatever value we assign to the variable based on that data type will be automatically assigned. For example, <code>name = 'Jessa'<\/code> here Python will store the name variable as a <code>str<\/code> data type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No matter what value is stored in a variable (object), a <a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-variables\/\">variable<\/a> can be any type like int, float, str, list, set, tuple, dict, bool, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#d7e6ef\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Also, Solve<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-variables-and-data-types-quiz\/\">Python variables and data type Quiz<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-basic-exercise-for-beginners\/\">Basic Python exercise for beginners<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>There are mainly four types of basic\/primitive data types available in Python<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Numeric<\/strong>: int, float, and complex<\/li><li><strong>Sequence<\/strong>: String, list, and tuple<\/li><li><strong>Set<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Dictionary<\/strong> (dict)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"539\" src=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/python-data-types.jpg\" alt=\"Python data types\" class=\"wp-image-7742\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/python-data-types.jpg 618w, https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/python-data-types-300x262.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>To check the data type of variable use the built-in function <code>type()<\/code>&nbsp; and <code>isinstance()<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The <code>type()<\/code> function returns the data type of the variable<\/li><li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-isinstance-explained-with-examples\/\">isinstance()<\/a> function checks whether an object belongs to a particular class.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we will learn the following Python data types in detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><thead><tr><th>Data type<\/th><th>Description<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>int<\/code><\/td><td>To store integer values<\/td><td><code>n = 20<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>float<\/code><\/td><td>To store decimal values<\/td><td><code>n = 20.75<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>complex<\/code><\/td><td>To store complex numbers (real and imaginary part)<\/td><td><code>n = 10+20j<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>str<\/td><td>To store textual\/string data<\/td><td><code>name&nbsp;=&nbsp;'Jessa'<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>bool<\/td><td>To store boolean values<\/td><td><code>flag&nbsp;=&nbsp;True<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>list<\/td><td>To store a sequence of mutable data<\/td><td><code>l&nbsp;=&nbsp;[3,&nbsp;'a',&nbsp;2.5]<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tuple<\/td><td>To store sequence immutable data<\/td><td><code>t&nbsp;=(2,&nbsp;'b',&nbsp;6.4)<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>dict<\/td><td>To store key: value pair<\/td><td><code>d&nbsp;=&nbsp;{1:'J',&nbsp;2:'E'}<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>set<\/td><td>To store unorder and unindexed values<\/td><td><code>s&nbsp;=&nbsp;{1,&nbsp;3,&nbsp;5}<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>frozenset<\/td><td>To store immutable version of the set<\/td><td><code>f_set=frozenset({5,7})<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>range<\/td><td>To generate a sequence of number<\/td><td><code>numbers&nbsp;=&nbsp;range(10)<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>bytes<\/td><td>To store bytes values<\/td><td><code>b=bytes([5,10,15,11])<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Python Data Types<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-str-data-type\">Str data type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Python, A string is a <strong>sequence of characters enclosed within a single quote or double quote<\/strong>. These characters could be anything like letters, numbers, or special symbols enclosed within double quotation marks. For example, <code>\"PYnative\"<\/code> is a string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The string type in Python is represented using a&nbsp;<code>str<\/code> class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To work with text or character data in Python, we use Strings. Once a string is created, we can do many operations on it, such as searching inside it, creating a substring from it, and splitting it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-example\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code1\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">platform = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"PYnative\"<\/span>\nprint(type(platform))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># &lt;class 'str'&gt;<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># display string<\/span>\nprint(platform)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 'PYnative'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># accessing 2nd character of a string<\/span>\nprint(platform&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>])  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Y<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code1', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code1');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: The string is immutable, i.e., it can not be changed once defined. You need to create a copy of it if you want to modify it. This non-changeable behavior is called immutability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code2\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">platform = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"PYnative\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Now let's try to change 2nd character of a string.<\/span>\nplatform&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>] = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'p'<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Gives TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code2', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code2');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-int-data-type\">Int data type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Python uses the int data type to <strong>represent whole integer values<\/strong>. For example, we can use the int data type to store the roll number of a student. The Integer type in Python is represented using a <code>int<\/code> class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can store positive and negative integer numbers of any length such as 235, -758, 235689741.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can create an integer variable using the two ways<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Directly assigning an integer value to a variable<\/li><li>Using a <code>int()<\/code> class.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-example-1\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code3\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># store int value<\/span>\nroll_no = <span class=\"hljs-number\">33<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># display roll no<\/span>\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Roll number is:\"<\/span>, roll_no)\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># output 33<\/span>\nprint(type(roll_no))  \n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># output class 'int'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># store integer using int() class<\/span>\nid = int(<span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>)\nprint(id)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 25<\/span>\nprint(type(id))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'int'<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code3', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code3');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p>You can also store integer values other than base 10 such as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Binary (base 2)<\/li><li>Octal (base 8)<\/li><li>Hexadecimal numbers (base 16)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-example-2\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code4\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># decimal int 16 with base 8<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Prefix with zero + letter o<\/span>\noctal_num = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0o20<\/span>\nprint(octal_num)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 16<\/span>\nprint(type(octal_num))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'int'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># decimal int 16 with base 16<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Prefix with zero + letter x<\/span>\nhexadecimal_num = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0x10<\/span>  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># decimal equivalent of 21<\/span>\nprint(hexadecimal_num)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 16<\/span>\nprint(type(hexadecimal_num))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'int'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># decimal int 16 with base 2<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Prefix with zero + letter b<\/span>\nbinary_num = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0b10000<\/span>  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># decimal equivalent of 6<\/span>\nprint(binary_num)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 16<\/span>\nprint(type(binary_num))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'int'<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code4', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code4');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-float-data-type\">Float data type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To represent <strong>floating-point values or decimal value<\/strong>s, we can use the float data type. For example, if we want to store the salary, we can use the float type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The float type in Python is represented using a <code>float<\/code> class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can create a float variable using the two ways<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Directly assigning a float value to a variable<\/li><li>Using a <code>float()<\/code> class.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-example-3\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code5\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># store a floating-point value<\/span>\nsalary = <span class=\"hljs-number\">8000.456<\/span>\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Salary is :\"<\/span>, salary)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 8000.456<\/span>\nprint(type(salary))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'float'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># store a floating-point value using float() class<\/span>\nnum = float(<span class=\"hljs-number\">54.75<\/span>)\nprint(num)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 54.75<\/span>\nprint(type(num))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'float'<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code5', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code5');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Floating-point values can be represented using the exponential form, also called&nbsp;<strong>scientific notation.<\/strong> The benefit of using the exponential form to represent floating-point values is we can represent large values using less memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code6\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># exponential float<\/span>\nnum1 = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1.22e4<\/span>\nprint(num1)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 12200.0<\/span>\nprint(type(num1))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'float'<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code6', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code6');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-complex-data-type\">Complex data type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A complex number is a <strong>number with a real and an imaginary component<\/strong> represented as <code>a+bj<\/code> where <code>a<\/code> and <code>b<\/code> contain integers or floating-point values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The complex type is generally used in scientific applications and electrical engineering applications. If we want to declare a complex value, then we can use the <code>a+bj<\/code> form. See the following example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-example-4\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code7\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">x = <span class=\"hljs-number\">9<\/span> + <span class=\"hljs-number\">8j<\/span>  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># both value are int type<\/span>\ny = <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span> + <span class=\"hljs-number\">4.5j<\/span>  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># one int and one float<\/span>\nz = <span class=\"hljs-number\">11.2<\/span> + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1.2j<\/span>  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># both value are float type<\/span>\nprint(type(x))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'complex'&gt;<\/span>\n\nprint(x)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># (9+8j)<\/span>\nprint(y)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># (10+4.5j)<\/span>\nprint(z)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># (11.2+1.2j)<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code7', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code7');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The real part of the complex number is represented using an integer value. The integer value can be in the form of either decimal, float, binary, or hexadecimal. But&nbsp;<strong>the imaginary part<\/strong>&nbsp;should be represented using&nbsp;<strong>the decimal<\/strong> form only. If we are trying to represent an imaginary part as binary, hex, or octal, we will get an error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-list-data-type\">List data type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;Python List&nbsp;is an <strong>ordered collection (also known as a&nbsp;sequence )&nbsp;of elements<\/strong>. List elements can be accessed, iterated, and removed according to the order they inserted at the creation time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We use the list data type to represent groups of the element as a single entity.&nbsp; For example: If we want to store all student&#8217;s names, we can use <code>list<\/code> type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>The list can contain data of all data types such as&nbsp; <code>int<\/code>, <code>float<\/code>, <code>string<\/code><\/li><li>Duplicates elements are allowed in the list<\/li><li>The list is mutable which means we can modify the value of list elements<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>We can create a list using the two ways<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>By enclosing elements in the <strong>square brackets <code>[]<\/code><\/strong>.<\/li><li>Using a <code>list()<\/code> class.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-example-list-creation-and-manipulation\">Example list creation and manipulation<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code8\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">my_list = &#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Jessa\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Kelly\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">35.75<\/span>]\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># display list<\/span>\nprint(my_list)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># &#91;'Jessa', 'Kelly', 20, 35.75]<\/span>\nprint(type(my_list))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'list'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Accessing first element of list<\/span>\nprint(my_list&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>])  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 'Jessa'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># slicing list elements<\/span>\nprint(my_list&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>])  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># &#91;'Kelly', 20, 35.75]<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># modify 2nd element of a list<\/span>\nmy_list&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>] = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Emma\"<\/span>\nprint(my_list&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>])  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 'Emma'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># create list using a list class<\/span>\nmy_list2 = list(&#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Jessa\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Kelly\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">35.75<\/span>])\nprint(my_list2)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># &#91;'Jessa', 'Kelly', 20, 35.75]<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code8', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code8');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tuple-data-type\">Tuple data type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuples are <strong>ordered collections of elements that are unchangeab<\/strong>le. The <code>tuple<\/code> is the same as the <code>list<\/code>, except the tuple is immutable means we can&#8217;t modify the tuple once created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, we can say a tuple is a read-only version of the list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example: If you want to store the roll numbers of students that you don&#8217;t change, you can use the <code>tuple<\/code> data type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: Tuple maintains the insertion order and also, allows us to store duplicate elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can create a tuple using the two ways<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>By enclosing elements in the parenthesis ()<\/li><li>Using a <code>tuple()<\/code> class.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-example-tuple-creation-and-manipulation\">Example Tuple creation and manipulation<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code9\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># create a tuple<\/span>\nmy_tuple = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">11<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">24<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">56<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">88<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">78<\/span>)\nprint(my_tuple)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># (11, 24, 56, 88, 78)<\/span>\nprint(type(my_tuple))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'tuple'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Accessing 3rd element of a tuple<\/span>\nprint(my_tuple&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>])  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 56<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># slice a tuple<\/span>\nprint(my_tuple&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>])  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># (56, 88, 78)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># create a tuple using a tuple() class<\/span>\nmy_tuple2 = tuple((<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">30<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">40<\/span>))\nprint(my_tuple2)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># (10, 20, 30, 40)<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code9', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code9');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Tuple is immutable<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A tuple is immutable means once we create a tuple, we can&#8217;t modify it<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code10\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># create a tuple<\/span>\nmy_tuple = (<span class=\"hljs-number\">11<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">24<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">56<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">88<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">78<\/span>)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># modify 2nd element of tuple<\/span>\nmy_tuple&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>] = <span class=\"hljs-number\">35<\/span>\nprint(my_tuple)\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code10', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code10');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dict-data-type\">Dict data type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Python, dictionaries are <strong>unordered collections of unique values stored in (Key-Value) pairs<\/strong>. Use a dictionary data type to store data as a key-value pair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The dictionary type is represented using a <code>dict<\/code> class. For example, If you want to store the name and roll number of all students, then you can use the <code>dict<\/code> type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a dictionary, duplicate keys are not allowed, but the value can be duplicated. If we try to insert a value with a duplicate key, the old value will be replaced with the new value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dictionary has some characteristics which are listed below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>A heterogeneous (i.e., <code>str<\/code>, <code>list<\/code>, <code>tuple<\/code>) elements are allowed for both key and value in a dictionary. But An object can be a key in a dictionary if it is hashable.<\/li><li>The dictionary is mutable which means we can modify its items<\/li><li>Dictionary is unordered so we can&#8217;t perform indexing and slicing<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>We can create a dictionary using the two ways<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>By enclosing key and values in the curly brackets <code>{}<\/code><\/li><li>Using a <code>dict()<\/code> class.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-example-dictionary-creation-and-manipulation\">Example dictionary creation and manipulation<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code11\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># create a dictionary<\/span>\nmy_dict = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Smith\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Emma\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Jessa\"<\/span>}\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># display dictionary<\/span>\nprint(my_dict)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># {1: 'Smith', 2: 'Emma', 3: 'Jessa'}<\/span>\nprint(type(my_dict))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'dict'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># create a dictionary using a dit class<\/span>\nmy_dict = dict({<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Smith\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Emma\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Jessa\"<\/span>})\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># display dictionary<\/span>\nprint(my_dict)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># {1: 'Smith', 2: 'Emma', 3: 'Jessa'}<\/span>\nprint(type(my_dict))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'dict'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># access value using a key name<\/span>\nprint(my_dict&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>])  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Smith<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># change the value of a key<\/span>\nmy_dict&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>] = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Kelly\"<\/span>\nprint(my_dict&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>])  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Kelly<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code11', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code11');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-set-data-type\">Set data type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Python, a set is an <strong>unordered collection of data items that are unique<\/strong>. In other words, Python Set is a collection of elements (Or objects) that contains no duplicate elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Python, the Set data type used to represent a group of unique elements as a single entity. For example, If we want to store student ID numbers, we can use the set data type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Set data type in Python is represented using a <code>set<\/code>&nbsp;class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can create a Set using the two ways<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>By enclosing values in the curly brackets <code>{}<\/code><\/li><li>Using a <code>set()<\/code> class.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>The set data type has the following characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>It is mutable which means we can change set items<\/li><li>Duplicate elements are not allowed<\/li><li>Heterogeneous (values of all data types) elements are allowed<\/li><li>Insertion order of elements is not preserved, so we can&#8217;t perform indexing on a Set<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-example-set-creation-and-manipulation\"><strong>Example Set creation and manipulation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code12\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-12\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># create a set using curly brackets{,}<\/span>\nmy_set = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">25.75<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Jessa\"<\/span>}\nprint(my_set)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># {25.75, 100, 'Jessa'}<\/span>\nprint(type(my_set))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'set'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># create a set using set class<\/span>\nmy_set = set({<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">25.75<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Jessa\"<\/span>})\nprint(my_set)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># {25.75, 100, 'Jessa'}<\/span>\nprint(type(my_set))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'set'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># add element to set<\/span>\nmy_set.add(<span class=\"hljs-number\">300<\/span>)\nprint(my_set)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># {25.75, 100, 'Jessa', 300}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># remove element from set<\/span>\nmy_set.remove(<span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>)\nprint(my_set)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># {25.75, 'Jessa', 300}<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-12\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code12', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code12');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-frozenset\">Frozenset<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>frozenset<\/code> data type is used to <strong>create the immutable Set<\/strong>. &nbsp;Once we create a&nbsp;<code>frozenset<\/code>, then we can\u2019t perform any changes on it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Use a <code>frozenset()<\/code>&nbsp;class to create a&nbsp;<code>frozenset<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code13\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-13\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">my_set = {<span class=\"hljs-number\">11<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">44<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">75<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">89<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">56<\/span>}\nprint(type(my_set))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'set'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># creating frozenset<\/span>\nf_set = frozenset(my_set)\nprint(type(f_set))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'frozenset'<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-13\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code13', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code13');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: If we try to perform operations like add, remove on&nbsp;<code>frozenset<\/code>, you will get an error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bool-data-type\">Bool data type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Python, to <strong>represent boolean values (<code>True<\/code> and <code>False<\/code>)<\/strong> we use the <code>bool<\/code> data type. Boolean values are used to evaluate the value of the expression. For example, when we compare two values, the expression is evaluated, and Python returns the boolean <code>True<\/code> or <code>False<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code14\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-14\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">x = <span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>\ny = <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>\n\nz = x &gt; y\nprint(z)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># True<\/span>\nprint(type(z))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'bool'<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-14\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code14', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code14');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bytes-data-type\"><strong>Bytes data type<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>bytes<\/code> data type represents a group of byte numbers just like an array. We use the <code>bytes()<\/code> constructor to create bytes type, which also returns a bytes object. Bytes are <strong>immutable <\/strong>(Cannot be changed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Use bytes data type if we want to handle binary data like images, videos, and audio files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code15\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-15\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">a = &#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">9<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">14<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">17<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">11<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">78<\/span>]\nb = bytes(a)\nprint(type(b))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'bytes'<\/span>\nprint(b&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>])  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 9<\/span>\nprint(b&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">-1<\/span>])  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 78<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-15\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code15', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code15');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In bytes, <strong>allowed values are 0 to 256<\/strong>. If we are trying to use any other values, then we will get a <code>ValueError<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code16\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-16\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">a = &#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">999<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">314<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">17<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">11<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">78<\/span>]  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Gives error range must be in 0 to 256<\/span>\nb = bytes(a)\nprint(type(b))\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># ValueError: bytes must be in range(0, 256)<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-16\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code16', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code16');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bytearray\">bytearray<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>bytearray<\/code> data type same as the <code>bytes<\/code> type except <code>bytearray<\/code> <strong>mutable <\/strong>(we can modify its elements). The <code>bytearray()<\/code> constructor returns a <code>bytearray<\/code> object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code17\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-17\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># create a bytearray<\/span>\nlist1 = &#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">9<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">17<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">11<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">78<\/span>]\nb_array = bytearray(list1)\nprint(b_array)\nprint(type(b_array))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'bytearray'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># modifying bytearray<\/span>\nb_array&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>] = <span class=\"hljs-number\">99<\/span>\nprint(b_array&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>])  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 99<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># iterate bytearray<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> b_array:\n    print(i, end=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\" \"<\/span>)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># 9 99 11 78<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-17\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code17', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code17');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-range-data-type\">Range data type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Python, The built-in function&nbsp; <code>range()<\/code> used to generate a sequence of numbers from a start number up to the stop number. For example, If we want to represent the roll number from 1 to 20, we can use the <code>range()<\/code> type. By default, it returns an iterator object that we can iterate using a <code>for loop<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code18\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-18\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Generate integer numbers from 10 to 14<\/span>\nnumbers = range(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">15<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\nprint(type(numbers))  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># class 'range'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># iterate range using for loop<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> range(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">15<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>):\n    print(i, end=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\" \"<\/span>)\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Output 10 11 12 13 14<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-18\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code18', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code18');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-memoryview\">memoryview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>memoryview<\/code> is used to create a view of the internal data of an object without copying it. So with the help of <code>memoryview<\/code> we can see the same data in a different view.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To do this, we need a <strong>buffer protocol. <\/strong>The buffer protocol provides a way to access the internal data of an object. This internal data is a memory array or a buffer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Python <code>bytes<\/code> and <code>bytearray<\/code> are built-in objects that support the buffer protocol. So we can create <code>memoryview<\/code> on top of those objects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syntax to create a <code>memoryview<\/code>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<pre id=\"syntax\" class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-19\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">memoryview(obj)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-19\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 1: Creating <code>memoryview<\/code> of an object<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code19\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-20\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">b_array = <span class=\"hljs-string\">b'PYnative'<\/span>\nb_array_view = memoryview(b_array)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># creating memory view for bytes objects<\/span>\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"view object: \"<\/span>, b_array_view)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-20\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code19', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code19');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">view object: &lt;memory at 0x0000003396DC6F48&gt;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above example, we create <code>memoryview<\/code> of <code>b_array<\/code> and print the object in memory view format instead of the original object. If we want an object in its original form, we need to collect the object in a container(like a list or tuple). We can also iterate over each element of the given bytes array.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 2: Creating and storing in a container<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code20\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-21\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">byte_array = <span class=\"hljs-string\">b'PYnative'<\/span>      <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># creating bytes array object<\/span>\nbyte_array_view = memoryview(byte_array)  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># creating memory view for bytes array objects<\/span>\ncontainer = tuple(byte_array_view)   <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Storing it in container of iterating<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> char <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> container:\n    print(char, end=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\" \"<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-21\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code20', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code20');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">80 89 110 97 116 105 118 101<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>We can also perform indexing and slicing on <code>memoryview<\/code> same like list and tuple object. So it will return ordinal value for characters at the given index<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 3: <\/strong><strong>Indexing and slicing on <code>memoryview<\/code> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code21\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-22\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">byte_array = <span class=\"hljs-string\">b'PYnative'<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># creating bytes array object<\/span>\nbyte_array_view = memoryview(byte_array) <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># creating memory view for bytes array objects<\/span>\n\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"byte_array_view&#91;0]:\"<\/span>, byte_array_view&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>]) <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># indexing<\/span>\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Slicing of b_array_view&#91;6:12] is:'<\/span>, bytes(byte_array_view&#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span>:<span class=\"hljs-number\">12<\/span>])) <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Slicing<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-22\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code21', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code21');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">byte_array_view[0]: 80\nSlicing of b_array_view[6:12] is: b've'<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data types specify the different sizes and values that can be stored in the variable. For example, Python stores numbers, strings, and a list of values using different data types. Python is a dynamically typed language; therefore, we do not need to specify the variable&#8217;s type while declaring it. 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