{"id":188,"date":"2018-07-01T21:19:04","date_gmt":"2018-07-01T15:49:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/?p=188"},"modified":"2021-03-09T11:01:41","modified_gmt":"2021-03-09T05:31:41","slug":"python-mysql-transaction-management-using-commit-rollback","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-mysql-transaction-management-using-commit-rollback\/","title":{"rendered":"Use Commit and Rollback to Manage MySQL Transactions in Python"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This lesson mainly focuses on how to <strong>manage Database transactions<\/strong> while working with the MySQL database in Python. Learn Python MySQL transaction management using <strong>commit and rollback<\/strong> using &#8216;Mysql connector python&#8217; module.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns sectionpy has-black-color has-text-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#fff7ed\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Further Reading<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Solve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-database-programming-exercise-with-solution\/\">Python MySQL Exercise<\/a><\/li><li>Read&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-mysql-database-connection\/\">Python MySQL Tutorial (Complete Guide)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-what-is-database-transaction\" data-level=\"2\">What is Database Transaction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-python-mysql-commit-rollback-and-setautocommit-to-manage-transactions\" data-level=\"2\">Python MySQL Commit(), rollback() and setAutoCommit() to manage transactions<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-methods-to-manage-mysql-database-transactions-in-python\" data-level=\"3\">Methods to manage MySQL Database Transactions in Python<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-python-example-to-manage-mysql-transactions-using-commit-and-rollback\" data-level=\"3\">Python example to manage MySQL transactions using commit and rollback<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-next-steps\" data-level=\"2\">Next Steps:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-database-transaction\">What is Database Transaction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The database transaction represents a <strong>single unit of work<\/strong>. Any operation which modifies the state of the MySQL database is a transaction. Let see in detail what is database transaction. For example, take a sample of a Bank amount transfer, which involves two significant transactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Withdrawal of money from account A<\/li><li>Deposit Money to Account B<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If the first Transaction is executed successfully but the second failed, in this case, we need to re-deposit money back to account A. To manage such instances, we need transaction management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using <strong>ACID properties<\/strong>, we can study transaction management well. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, isolation, and durability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Atomicity<\/strong>: means all or nothing. Either all transactions are successful or none. You can group SQL statements as one logical unit, and if any query fails, the whole transaction fails.<\/li><li><strong>Consistency<\/strong>: It ensures that the database remains in a consistent state after performing a transaction.<\/li><li><strong>Isolation<\/strong>: It ensures that the transaction is isolated from other transactions.<\/li><li><strong>Durability<\/strong>: It means once a transaction has been committed, it persists in the database irrespective of power loss, error, or restart system.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-python-mysql-commit-rollback-and-setautocommit-to-manage-transactions\">Python MySQL Commit(), rollback() and setAutoCommit() to manage transactions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Please follow the below steps to manage MySQL transactions in Python: &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-mysql-database-connection\/\">Create MySQL database connections in Python<\/a><\/strong>.<\/li><li>Prepare the SQL queries that you want to run as a part of a transaction. For example, we can combine two SQL queries(withdrawal money and deposit money query) in a single transaction.<\/li><li>Set an auto-commit property of MySQL connection to false.<\/li><li>Execute all queries one by one using the cursor.execute()<\/li><li>If all queries execute successfully, commit the changes to the database<\/li><li>If one of the queries failed to execute, then rollback all the changes.<\/li><li>Catch any SQL exceptions that may occur during this process<\/li><li>Close the cursor object and MySQL database connection<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-methods-to-manage-mysql-database-transactions-in-python\">Methods to manage MySQL Database Transactions in Python<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Python MySQL Connector provides the following method to manage database transactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><code>commit()<\/code>: <code>MySQLConnection.commit()<\/code> method sends a COMMIT statement to the MySQL server, committing the current transaction. After the successful execution of a query make changes persistent into a database using the commit() of a connection class.<\/li><li><code>rollback()<\/code>: <code>MySQLConnection.rollback<\/code> revert the changes made by the current transaction. When one of the transactions fails to execute, and you want to revert or undo all your changes, call a rollback method of MySQL connection object.<\/li><li><code>autoCommit()<\/code> : <code>MySQLConnection.autocommit<\/code><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>value can be as True or False to enable or disable the auto-commit feature of MySQL. By default its value is False.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/python_mysql_transction_management-e1530354220769.png\" alt=\"python MySQL transaction management using commit and rollback\" class=\"wp-image-226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/python_mysql_transction_management-e1530354220769.png 700w, https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/python_mysql_transction_management-e1530354220769-300x162.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption>python MySQL transaction management using commit and rollback<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-python-example-to-manage-mysql-transactions-using-commit-and-rollback\">Python example to manage MySQL transactions using commit and rollback<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code1\"  id=\"norun\" class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> mysql.connector\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span>:\n    conn = mysql.connector.connect(host=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'localhost'<\/span>,\n                                   database=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'python_db'<\/span>,\n                                   user=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'pynative'<\/span>,\n                                   password=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'pynative@#29'<\/span>)\n\n    conn.autocommit = <span class=\"hljs-literal\">False<\/span>\n    cursor = conn.cursor()\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># withdraw from account A <\/span>\n    sql_update_query = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"Update account_A set balance = 1000 where id = 1\"\"\"<\/span>\n    cursor.execute(sql_update_query)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Deposit to account B <\/span>\n    sql_update_query = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"\"Update account_B set balance = 1500 where id = 2\"\"\"<\/span>\n    cursor.execute(sql_update_query)\n    print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Record Updated successfully \"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Commit your changes<\/span>\n    conn.commit()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">except<\/span> mysql.connector.Error <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> error:\n    print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Failed to update record to database rollback: {}\"<\/span>.format(error))\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># reverting changes because of exception<\/span>\n    conn.rollback()\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">finally<\/span>:\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># closing database connection.<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> conn.is_connected():\n        cursor.close()\n        conn.close()\n        print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"connection is closed\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code1', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Output if the query executes successfully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Record Updated successfully<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You should get the following output if&nbsp;a query fails to execute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Failed to update record to database rollback<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Let&#8217;s understand the above code: &#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>We imported the MySQL connector python module so we can use its API to communicate with MySQL Database.<\/li><li>After a successful MySQL connection, we set <code>auto-commit<\/code> to <code>False<\/code>, i.e., we need to commit the transaction only when both the transactions complete successfully.<\/li><li>We prepared two update SQL queries as a part of a single transaction to deposit money to account B from account A.<\/li><li>We executed both the queries one by one using a <code>cursor.execute()<\/code> method.<\/li><li>After successful execution of both the queries, we committed our changes to the database using a <code>conn.commit()<\/code>.<\/li><li>In case of an exception or failure of one of the queries, we can revert our changes using a <code>conn.rollback()<\/code>.<\/li><li>We placed all our code in the <code>try-except<\/code> block to catch the database exceptions that may occur during the process.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-steps\">Next Steps:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To practice what you learned in this article, Please solve a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-database-programming-exercise-with-solution\/\">Python Database Exercise project<\/a>&nbsp;to Practice and master the Python Database operations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This lesson mainly focuses on how to manage Database transactions while working with the MySQL database in Python. Learn Python MySQL transaction management using commit and rollback using &#8216;Mysql connector python&#8217; module. Further Reading: Solve&nbsp;Python MySQL Exercise Read&nbsp;Python MySQL Tutorial (Complete Guide) What is Database Transaction The database transaction represents a single unit of work. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2089,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22,23],"tags":[25],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.4 (Yoast SEO v22.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Python MySQL Transaction Management Using Commit and Rollback<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MySQL transction Management in Python with commit(), rollback() and setAutoCommit method, advantage and examples of Python MySQL transaction management. 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