{"id":10662,"date":"2022-02-23T11:57:36","date_gmt":"2022-02-23T06:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/?p=10662"},"modified":"2022-02-23T12:46:49","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T07:16:49","slug":"python-get-execution-time-of-program","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Measure the Execution Time of a Program"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>After reading this article, you&#8217;ll learn: &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>How to calculate the program&#8217;s execution time in Python<\/li><li>Measure the total time elapsed to execute the code block in seconds, milliseconds, minutes, and hours<\/li><li>Also, get the execution time of functions and loops.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, <strong>We will use the following four ways<\/strong> to measure the execution time in Python: &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><code><strong>time.time()<\/strong><\/code> function: measure the the total time elapsed to execute the script in seconds.<\/li><li><code><strong>time.process_time()<\/strong><\/code>: measure the CPU execution time of a code<\/li><li><strong>timeit module<\/strong>: measure the execution time of a small piece of a code including the single line of code as well as multiple lines of code<\/li><li><strong>DateTime module<\/strong>: measure the execution time in the hours-minutes-seconds format.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To measure the code performance, we need to calculate the time taken by the script\/program to execute. Measuring the execution time of a program or parts of it will depend on your operating system, Python version, and what you mean by &#8216;time&#8217;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before proceeding further, first, understand what time is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#wall-time-vs-cpu-time\" data-level=\"2\">Wall time vs. CPU time<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-to-measure-execution-time-in-python\" data-level=\"2\">How to Measure Execution Time in Python<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#example-get-program-s-execution-time-in-seconds\" data-level=\"3\">Example: Get Program&#8217;s Execution Time in Seconds<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#get-execution-time-in-milliseconds\" data-level=\"3\">Get Execution Time in Milliseconds<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#get-execution-time-in-minutes\" data-level=\"3\">Get Execution Time in Minutes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#get-program-s-cpu-execution-time-using-process-time\" data-level=\"2\">Get Program&#8217;s CPU Execution Time using process_time()<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#timeit-module-to-measure-the-execution-time-of-a-code\" data-level=\"2\">timeit module to measure the execution time of a code<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#example-measure-the-execution-time-of-a-function\" data-level=\"3\">Example: Measure the execution time of a function<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-measure-the-execution-time-of-a-single-line-of-code\" data-level=\"3\">Measure the execution time of a single line of code<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-measure-the-execution-time-of-a-multiple-lines-of-code\" data-level=\"3\">Measure the execution time of a multiple lines of code<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#datetime-module-to-determine-the-script-s-execution-time\" data-level=\"2\">DateTime Module to determine the script&#8217;s execution time<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#conclusion\" data-level=\"2\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"wall-time-vs-cpu-time\">Wall time vs. CPU time<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We often come across two terms to measure the execution time: Wall clock time and CPU time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So it is essential to define and differentiate these two terms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elapsed_real_time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wall time<\/a> (also known as clock time or wall-clock time) is simply the total time elapsed during the measurement. It\u2019s the time you can measure with a stopwatch. It is the difference between the time at which a program finished its execution and the time at which the program started. <strong>It also includes waiting time for resources<\/strong>.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CPU_time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CPU Time<\/a>, on the other hand, refers to the time the CPU was busy processing the program\u2019s instructions. The time spent waiting for other task to complete (like I\/O operations) is not included in the CPU time. <strong>It does not include the waiting time for resources.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The difference between the Wall time and CPU time can occur from architecture and run-time dependency, e.g., programmed delays or waiting for system resources to become available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, a program reports that it has used &#8220;CPU time 0m0.2s, Wall time 2m4s&#8221;. It means the program was active for 2 minutes and four seconds. Still, the computer&#8217;s processor spent only 0.2 seconds performing calculations for the program. May be program was waiting for some resources to become available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>At the beginning of each solution, I listed explicitly which kind of time each method measures<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So depending upon why you are measuring your program\u2019s execution time, you can choose to calculate the Wall or CPU time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-measure-execution-time-in-python\">How to <span style=\"font-size: revert; font-weight: revert;\">Measure <\/span>Execution Time in Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-how-to wp-block-yoast-how-to-block\"><p class=\"schema-how-to-description\">The Python <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/time.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">time module<\/a> provides various time-related functions, such as getting the current time and suspending the calling thread&#8217;s execution for the given number of seconds. The below steps show how to use the time module to calculate the program&#8217;s execution time.<\/p> <ol class=\"schema-how-to-steps\"><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1645090173466\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">Import time module<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">The time module comes with Python\u2019s standard library. First, Import it using the import statement.<\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1645090540246\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">Store the start time<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">Now, we need to get the start time before executing the first line of the program. To do this, we will use the <code>time()<\/code> function to get the current time and store it in a &#8216;<em>start_time<\/em>&#8216; variable before the first line of the program.<br\/>The <code>time()<\/code> function of a time module is used to get the time in seconds since epoch. The handling of leap seconds is platform-dependent.<\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1645090886273\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">Store the end time<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">Next, we need to get the end time before executing the last line.<br\/>Again, we will use the <code>time()<\/code> function to get the current time and store it in the &#8216;<em>end_time<\/em>&#8216; variable before the last line of the program.<\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1645090892057\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">Calculate the execution time<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">The difference between the end time and start time is the execution time. Get the execution time by subtracting the start time from the end time.<\/p> <\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example-get-program-s-execution-time-in-seconds\">Example: Get Program&#8217;s Execution Time in Seconds<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Use this solution in the following cases: &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Determine the execution time of a script<\/li><li>Measure the time taken between lines of code.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#caeddf\"><strong>Note<\/strong>: This solution measures the Wall time, i.e., total elapsed time, not a CPU time.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code1\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> time\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get the start time<\/span>\nst = time.time()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># main program<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># find sum to first 1 million numbers<\/span>\nsum_x = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> range(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1000000<\/span>):\n    sum_x += i\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># wait for 3 seconds<\/span>\ntime.sleep(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>)\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Sum of first 1 million numbers is:'<\/span>, sum_x)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get the end time<\/span>\net = time.time()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get the execution time<\/span>\nelapsed_time = et - st\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Execution time:'<\/span>, elapsed_time, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'seconds'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code1', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code1');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Sum of first 1 million numbers is: 499999500000\nExecution time: 3.125561475753784 seconds<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: It will report more time if your computer is busy with other tasks. If your script was waiting for some resources, the execution time would increase because the waiting time will get added to the final result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"get-execution-time-in-milliseconds\">Get Execution Time in Milliseconds<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Use the above example to get the execution time in seconds, then multiply it by 1000 to get the final result in milliseconds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre id=\"syntax\" class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get execution time in milliseconds<\/span>\nres = et - st\nfinal_res = res * <span class=\"hljs-number\">1000<\/span>\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Execution time:'<\/span>, final_res, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'milliseconds'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Sum of first 1 million numbers is: 499999500000<br>Execution time: 3125.988006591797 milliseconds<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"get-execution-time-in-minutes\">Get Execution Time in Minutes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Use the above example to get the execution time in seconds, then divide it by 60 to get the final result in minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre id=\"syntax\" class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get execution time in minutes<\/span>\nres = et - st\nfinal_res = res \/ <span class=\"hljs-number\">60<\/span>\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Execution time:'<\/span>, final_res, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'minutes'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre id=\"syntax\" class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Sum of first 1 million numbers is: 499999500000\nExecution time: 0.05200800895690918 minutes<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Do you want better formatting<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Use the <a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-datetime-format-strftime\/\">strftime()<\/a> to convert the time in a more readable format like (hh-mm-ss) hours-minutes-seconds.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code2\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> time\n\nst = time.time()\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># your code<\/span>\nsum_x = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> range(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1000000<\/span>):\n    sum_x += i\ntime.sleep(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>)\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Sum:'<\/span>, sum_x)\n\nelapsed_time = time.time() - st\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Execution time:'<\/span>, time.strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"%H:%M:%S\"<\/span>, time.gmtime(elapsed_time)))\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code2', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code2');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Sum: 499999500000<br>Execution time: 00:00:03<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"get-program-s-cpu-execution-time-using-process-time\">Get Program&#8217;s CPU Execution Time using <code>process_time()<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>time.time()<\/code> will measure the wall clock time. If you want to measure the CPU execution time of a program use the <code>time.process_time()<\/code> instead of <code>time.time()<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Use this solution if you don&#8217;t want to include the waiting time for resources in the final result. Let&#8217;s see how to get the program&#8217;s CPU execution time.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code3\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> time\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get the start time<\/span>\nst = time.process_time()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># main program<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># find sum to first 1 million numbers<\/span>\nsum_x = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> range(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1000000<\/span>):\n    sum_x += i\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># wait for 3 seconds<\/span>\ntime.sleep(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>)\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Sum of first 1 million numbers is:'<\/span>, sum_x)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get the end time<\/span>\net = time.process_time()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get execution time<\/span>\nres = et - st\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'CPU Execution time:'<\/span>, res, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'seconds'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code3', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code3');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Sum of first 1 million numbers is: 499999500000\nCPU Execution time: 0.234375 seconds<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns notebox has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#fae8b8\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because we are calculating the CPU execution time of a program, as you can see, the program was active for more than 3 seconds. Still, those 3 seconds were not added in CPU time because the CPU was ideal, and the computer&#8217;s processor spent only 0.23 seconds performing calculations for the program.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"timeit-module-to-measure-the-execution-time-of-a-code\">timeit module to measure the execution time of a code<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Python <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/timeit.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">timeit module<\/a> provides a simple way to time small piece of Python code. It has both a Command-Line Interface as well as a callable one. It avoids many common traps for measuring execution times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>timeit module is useful in the following cases: &#8211; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Determine the execution time of a small piece of code such as <a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-functions\/\">functions<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-for-loop\/\">loops<\/a><\/li><li>Measure the time taken between lines of code.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>timeit()<\/code> function: &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>timeit.timeit()<\/code> returns the time (in seconds) it took to execute the code number times.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre id=\"syntax\" class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">timeit.timeit(stmt=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'pass'<\/span>, setup=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'pass'<\/span>, timer=&lt;default timer&gt;, number=<span class=\"hljs-number\">1000000<\/span>, globals=<span class=\"hljs-literal\">None<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#caeddf\"><strong>Note<\/strong>: This solution measures the Wall time, i.e., total elapsed time, not a CPU time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The below steps show how to measure the execution time of a code using the timeit module.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>First, create a Timer instance using the <code>timeit()<\/code> function<\/li><li>Next, Pass a code at the place of the <code>stmt<\/code> argument. stmt is the code for which we want to measure the time<\/li><li>Next, If you wish to execute a few statements before your actual code, pass them to the setup argument like import statements.<\/li><li>To set a timer value, we will use the default timer provided by Python.<\/li><li>Next, decide how many times you want to execute the code and pass it to the number argument. The default value of number is 1,000,000.<\/li><li>In the end, we will execute the <code>timeit()<\/code> function with the above values to measure the execution time of the code<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example-measure-the-execution-time-of-a-function\">Example: Measure the execution time of a function<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Here we will calculate the execution time of an &#8216;addition()&#8217; function. We will run the <code>addition()<\/code> function five-time to get the average execution time.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code4\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> timeit\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># print addition of first 1 million numbers<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">addition<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">()<\/span>:<\/span>\n    print(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Addition:'<\/span>, sum(range(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1000000<\/span>)))\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># run same code 5 times to get measurable data<\/span>\nn = <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># calculate total execution time<\/span>\nresult = timeit.timeit(stmt=<span class=\"hljs-string\">'addition()'<\/span>, globals=globals(), number=n)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># calculate the execution time<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get the average execution time<\/span>\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">f\"Execution time is <span class=\"hljs-subst\">{result \/ n}<\/span> seconds\"<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code4', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code4');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Addition: 499999500000\nAddition: 499999500000\nAddition: 499999500000\nAddition: 499999500000\nAddition: 499999500000\n\nExecution time is 0.03770382 seconds<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns notebox has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#f6e7bb\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you run time-consuming code with the default <code>number<\/code> value, it will take a lot of time. So assign less value to the <code>number<\/code> argument Or decide how many samples do you want to measure to get the accurate execution time of a code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The <code>timeit()<\/code> functions disable the garbage collector, which results in accurate time capture.<\/li><li>Also, using the <code>timeit()<\/code> function, we can repeat the execution of the same code as many times as we want, which minimizes the influence of other tasks running on your operating system. Due to this, we can get the more accurate average execution time.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-measure-the-execution-time-of-a-single-line-of-code\">Measure the execution time of a single line of code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Run the <code>%timeit<\/code> command on a command-line or jupyter notebook to get the execution time of a single line of code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>: Use <code>%timeit<\/code> just before the line of code<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code5\"  id=\"norun\" class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\">%timeit &#91;x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> range(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1000<\/span>)]\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Output<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">2.08<\/span> \u00b5s \u00b1 <span class=\"hljs-number\">223<\/span> ns per loop (mean \u00b1 std. dev. of <span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span> runs, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1000000<\/span> loops each)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code5', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Also, we can customize the command using the various options to enhance the profiling and capture a more accurate execution time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Define the number of runs<\/strong> using the <code>-r<\/code> option. For example, <code>%timeit -r10 your_code<\/code> means run the code line 10 times.<\/li><li>Define the loops within each run using the <code>-r<\/code> and <code>-n<\/code> option.<\/li><li>If you ommit the options be default it is 7 runs with each run having 1 million loops<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Example: Customize the time profile operation to 10 runs and 20 loops within each run.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code6\"  id=\"norun\" class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Customizing number of runs and loops in %timeit<\/span>\n%timeit -r10 -n20 &#91;x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> x <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> range(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1000<\/span>)]\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># output<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">1.4<\/span> \u00b5s \u00b1 <span class=\"hljs-number\">12.34<\/span> ns per loop (mean \u00b1 std. dev. of <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span> runs, <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span> loops each)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code6', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-measure-the-execution-time-of-a-multiple-lines-of-code\">Measure the execution time of a multiple lines of code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the <code>%%timeit<\/code> command, we can measure the execution time of multiple lines of code. The command options will remain the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: you need to replace the single percentage (<code>%<\/code>) with double percentage (<code>%%<\/code>) in the timeit command to get the execution time of multiple lines of a code<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code7\"  id=\"norun\" class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Time profiling using %%timeit<\/span>\n%%timeit -r5 -n10\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># find sum to first 1 million numbers<\/span>\nsum_x = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> range(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1000000<\/span>):\n    sum_x += i\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Output<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">10.5<\/span> \u00b5s \u00b1 <span class=\"hljs-number\">226<\/span> ns per loop (mean \u00b1 std. dev. of <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span> runs, <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span> loops each)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code7', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"datetime-module-to-determine-the-script-s-execution-time\">DateTime Module to determine the script&#8217;s execution time<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, you can use the <a href=\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python\/datetime\/\">Datetime<\/a> module to measure the program&#8217;s running time. Use the below steps.<br>Import DateTime module<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Next, store the start time using the <code>datetime.now()<\/code> function before the first line of a script<\/li><li>Next, save the end time before using the same function before the last line of a script<\/li><li>In the end, calculate the execution time by subtracting the start time from an end time<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#caeddf\"><strong>Note<\/strong>: This solution measures the Wall time, i.e., total elapsed time, not a CPU time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hljstoolbar\"><pre id=\"code8\"  class=\"wp-block-code language-python\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Python\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"python\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-python\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> datetime\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> time\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get the start datetime<\/span>\nst = datetime.datetime.now()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># main program<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># find sum to first 1 million numbers<\/span>\nsum_x = <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> i <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> range(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1000000<\/span>):\n    sum_x += i\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># wait for 3 seconds<\/span>\ntime.sleep(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>)\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Sum of first 1 million numbers is:'<\/span>, sum_x)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get the end datetime<\/span>\net = datetime.datetime.now()\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># get execution time<\/span>\nelapsed_time = et - st\nprint(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Execution time:'<\/span>, elapsed_time, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'seconds'<\/span>)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Python<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">python<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><button class=\"hljs-copy-button\" onclick=\"copy_code('code8', this);\"><i class=\"far fa-copy1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button><button class=\"hljs-run-button\" onclick=\"run_code('code8');\"><i class=\"far fa-play-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Run<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Sum of first 1 million numbers is: 499999500000\nExecution time: 0:00:03.115498 seconds<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Python provides several functions to get the execution time of a code. Also, we learned the difference between Wall-clock time and CPU time to understand which execution time we need to measure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Use the below functions to measure the program&#8217;s execution time in Python:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><code>time.time()<\/code>: Measure the the total time elapsed to execute the code in seconds.<\/li><li><code>timeit.timeit()<\/code>: Simple way to time a small piece of Python code<\/li><li><code>%timeit<\/code> and <code>%%timeit<\/code>: command to get the execution time of a single line of code and multiple lines of code.<\/li><li><code>datetime.datetime.now()<\/code>: Get execution time in hours-minutes-seconds format<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, use the <code>time.process_time()<\/code> function to get the program&#8217;s CPU execution time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After reading this article, you&#8217;ll learn: &#8211; How to calculate the program&#8217;s execution time in Python Measure the total time elapsed to execute the code block in seconds, milliseconds, minutes, and hours Also, get the execution time of functions and loops. In this article, We will use the following four ways to measure the execution [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22,35],"tags":[38],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.4 (Yoast SEO v22.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Python Get Execution Time of a Program [5 Ways] &#8211; PYnative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Calculate the program&#039;s execution time in Python. 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I am a Python developer and I love to write articles to help developers. | All the best for your future Python endeavors!\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/pynative.com\"]},{\"@type\":\"HowTo\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#howto-1\",\"name\":\"Python Measure the Execution Time of a Program\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#article\"},\"description\":\"The Python <a href=\\\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/time.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">time module<\/a> provides various time-related functions, such as getting the current time and suspending the calling thread's execution for the given number of seconds. The below steps show how to use the time module to calculate the program's execution time.\",\"step\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#how-to-step-1645090173466\",\"name\":\"Import time module\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"The time module comes with Python\u2019s standard library. First, Import it using the import statement.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#how-to-step-1645090540246\",\"name\":\"Store the start time\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"Now, we need to get the start time before executing the first line of the program. To do this, we will use the time() function to get the current time and store it in a '<em>start_time<\/em>' variable before the first line of the program.<br\/>The time() function of a time module is used to get the time in seconds since epoch. The handling of leap seconds is platform-dependent.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#how-to-step-1645090886273\",\"name\":\"Store the end time\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"Next, we need to get the end time before executing the last line.<br\/>Again, we will use the time() function to get the current time and store it in the '<em>end_time<\/em>' variable before the last line of the program.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#how-to-step-1645090892057\",\"name\":\"Calculate the execution time\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"The difference between the end time and start time is the execution time. Get the execution time by subtracting the start time from the end time.\"}]}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Python Get Execution Time of a Program [5 Ways] &#8211; PYnative","description":"Calculate the program's execution time in Python. Use the time, timeit, datetime module to measure the execution time in seconds, milliseconds, and minutes.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Python Measure the Execution Time of a Program","og_description":"Calculate the program's execution time in Python. Use the time, timeit, datetime module to measure the execution time in seconds, milliseconds, and minutes.","og_url":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/","og_site_name":"PYnative","article_published_time":"2022-02-23T06:27:36+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-02-23T07:16:49+00:00","author":"Vishal","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@PyNative","twitter_site":"@PyNative","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Vishal","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/"},"author":{"name":"Vishal","@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64b55d5bde2265918c5a9931de4de71f"},"headline":"Python Measure the Execution Time of a Program","datePublished":"2022-02-23T06:27:36+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-23T07:16:49+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/"},"wordCount":1755,"commentCount":2,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64b55d5bde2265918c5a9931de4de71f"},"keywords":["DateTime"],"articleSection":["Python","Python DateTime"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#respond"]}],"accessibilityFeature":["tableOfContents"]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/","url":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/","name":"Python Get Execution Time of a Program [5 Ways] &#8211; PYnative","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-02-23T06:27:36+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-23T07:16:49+00:00","description":"Calculate the program's execution time in Python. Use the time, timeit, datetime module to measure the execution time in seconds, milliseconds, and minutes.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Python","item":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Python DateTime","item":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python\/datetime\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Python Measure the Execution Time of a Program"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/","name":"PYnative","description":"Python Programming","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64b55d5bde2265918c5a9931de4de71f"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64b55d5bde2265918c5a9931de4de71f","name":"Vishal","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/vishalHule.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/vishalHule.jpg","width":968,"height":1065,"caption":"Vishal"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/"},"description":"Founder of PYnative.com. I am a Python developer and I love to write articles to help developers. | All the best for your future Python endeavors!","sameAs":["https:\/\/pynative.com"]},{"@type":"HowTo","@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#howto-1","name":"Python Measure the Execution Time of a Program","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#article"},"description":"The Python <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/time.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">time module<\/a> provides various time-related functions, such as getting the current time and suspending the calling thread's execution for the given number of seconds. The below steps show how to use the time module to calculate the program's execution time.","step":[{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#how-to-step-1645090173466","name":"Import time module","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"The time module comes with Python\u2019s standard library. First, Import it using the import statement."}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#how-to-step-1645090540246","name":"Store the start time","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"Now, we need to get the start time before executing the first line of the program. To do this, we will use the time() function to get the current time and store it in a '<em>start_time<\/em>' variable before the first line of the program.<br\/>The time() function of a time module is used to get the time in seconds since epoch. The handling of leap seconds is platform-dependent."}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#how-to-step-1645090886273","name":"Store the end time","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"Next, we need to get the end time before executing the last line.<br\/>Again, we will use the time() function to get the current time and store it in the '<em>end_time<\/em>' variable before the last line of the program."}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/python-get-execution-time-of-program\/#how-to-step-1645090892057","name":"Calculate the execution time","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"The difference between the end time and start time is the execution time. Get the execution time by subtracting the start time from the end time."}]}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"featured_image_src":null,"featured_image_src_square":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"Vishal","author_link":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/author\/vishal\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10662"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10662"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10662\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pynative.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}